The Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Automation in Modern Organizations
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The Internet of Things and intelligent automation are reshaping organizational performance by transforming operational data into timely decisions, although their effects depend on technological, human, and institutional capabilities. This study aimed to analyze their applications, benefits, risks, and adoption conditions, with particular emphasis on Latin America. A qualitative, documentary, non-experimental, and exploratory-descriptive literature review was conducted using publications issued between 2015 and 2025 and retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, and SciELO, complemented by seminal studies and regional reports. The findings revealed potential improvements in continuous monitoring, predictive maintenance, traceability, quality, productivity, supply chain integration, agility, and innovation. However, these benefits do not arise automatically from connectivity; rather, they depend on interoperability, data governance, technological convergence, and workforce competencies. Economic constraints, legacy systems, vendor dependence, organizational resistance, and risks related to cybersecurity, privacy, and automation based on deficient data were also identified. It is concluded that these technologies strengthen organizational performance when they are implemented gradually, address verifiable problems, and are aligned with institutional strategy, processes, and digital maturity.
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